闪烁材料是一种能将入射在其上的高能射线（X/γ射线）或粒子转换为紫外或可见光的晶态能量转换体，广泛应用在高能物理与核物理实验、影像核医学（ CT和PET ）、工业CT在线检测、油井勘探、安全稽查及反恐应用等。近年来随着影像核医学医疗设备的发展和及和高能物理与核物理实验需求的提高，对闪烁体的要求也越来越高：大的有效原子序数（有利于高能射线吸收）、更高的光输出（提高信号强度）、更快的衰减（可以实时成像，减少干扰）、更高的能量分辨率（提高成像精度）。
传统闪烁晶体以NaI: Tl和CsI:T为代表。Nal: Tl自20世纪40年代发现至今，一直是用量最大、用途最广的闪烁晶体。其他的早期闪烁晶体如PbW04、BGO等，都基本不含稀土。但自90年代以来，一大批性能优异的稀土闪烁体涌现出来，成为当前无机闪烁材料的重要组成部分，目前常用的稀土闪烁体按照化学成分来划分，主要可分为稀土硅酸盐(LSO、LYSO、YSO）、稀土铝酸盐（LuAP、YAP、YAG、LuAG）和稀土卤化物（LaCl3、CeBr3、CLYC、CLYB）三大类。
闪烁材料基本概念
闪烁材料：是一种能将入射在其上的高能射线（X/ 射线）或粒子转换为紫外或可见光的晶态能量转换体。
发光效率：是指闪烁体将粒子能量转换为光能的能力（ph/MeV）。
衰减时间：闪烁晶体激发后发射闪烁光子的数量从最大下降到初始值的1/e时所需的时间。
余晖：是指当高能射线或粒子通过闪烁材料时，能量被吸收并转换为光能，随后在撤去光源后，材料仍能持续发光的现象。
辐照损伤：测一定剂量辐照后材料光输出变化情况。
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